本章知识小结:没什么特别重要的,主要是熟悉前面的知识
1、安装Pygame
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| python3 -m pip install --user pygame
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2、创建项目窗口
2.1 alien_invasion.py
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| import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
class AlienInvasion: """管理游戏资源和行为的总类。"""
def __init__(self): """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源。""" pygame.init() self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN) self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
self.ship = Ship(self) self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
def run_game(self): """启动游戏的主循环。""" while True: self._check_events() self.ship.update() self._update_bullets() self._update_screen()
def _check_events(self): """响应按键和鼠标事件。""" for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: self._check_keydown_events(event) elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: self._check_keyup_events(event)
def _check_keydown_events(self, event): """响应按键。""" if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: self.ship.moving_right = True elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: self.ship.moving_left = True elif event.key == pygame.K_q: sys.exit() elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: self._fire_bullet()
def _check_keyup_events(self, event): """响应按键释放。""" if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: self.ship.moving_right = False elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: self.ship.moving_left = False
def _fire_bullet(self): """创建新的子弹并将其添加到子弹组中。""" if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed: new_bullet = Bullet(self) self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
def _update_bullets(self): """更新子弹的位置并消除旧的子弹。""" self.bullets.update()
for bullet in self.bullets.copy(): if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0: self.bullets.remove(bullet)
def _update_screen(self): """更新屏幕上的图像,并翻转到新屏幕。""" self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color) self.ship.blitme() for bullet in self.bullets.sprites(): bullet.draw_bullet()
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__': ai = AlienInvasion() ai.run_game()
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2.2 bullet.py
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| import pygame from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite): """管理从飞船发射的子弹的类。"""
def __init__(self, ai_game): """在飞船当前位置创建一个子弹对象。""" super().__init__() self.screen = ai_game.screen self.settings = ai_game.settings self.color = self.settings.bullet_color
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.settings.bullet_width, self.settings.bullet_height) self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop self.y = float(self.rect.y)
def update(self): """将子弹向上移动屏幕。""" self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self): """将子弹绘制到屏幕上。""" pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
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2.3 setting.py
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| class Settings: """存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类。"""
def __init__(self): """初始化游戏的设置。""" self.screen_width = 1200 self.screen_height = 800 self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
self.ship_speed = 1.5
self.bullet_speed = 1.0 self.bullet_width = 3 self.bullet_height = 15 self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60) self.bullets_allowed = 3
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2.4 ship.py
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| import pygame
class Ship: """管理飞船的类。"""
def __init__(self, ai_game): """初始化飞船并设置其起始位置。""" self.screen = ai_game.screen self.settings = ai_game.settings self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.png') self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
self.moving_right = False self.moving_left = False
def update(self): """根据移动标志更新飞船的位置。""" if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right: self.x += self.settings.ship_speed if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0: self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed
self.rect.x = self.x
def blitme(self): """在当前位置绘制飞船。""" self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
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2.5 示例
空格发射子弹,q退出,↔移动